Practice Test
True or False: Data sampling is the process of choosing a subgroup of the population in order to analyze it.
- True
- False
Answer: True.
Explanation: Data sampling involves selecting a subset of a larger dataset, or population, to investigate and draw conclusions about the entire population.
Which of the following are types of data sampling techniques?
- a) Random sampling
- b) Systematic sampling
- c) Stratified sampling
- d) Snowball sampling
Answer: a, b, c.
Explanation: Random, systematic, and stratified sampling are common sampling methods used in statistics and data analysis. Snowball sampling is not typically used in data engineering.
The technique of data sampling that divides the population into strata or layers is called:
- a) Systematic sampling
- b) Stratified sampling
- c) Clustered sampling
- d) Simple Random sampling
Answer: b) Stratified sampling.
Explanation: Stratified sampling is a method of sampling that involves dividing the population into homogeneous subgroups known as strata.
True or False: In cluster sampling, each cluster must be a microcosm of the overall population.
- True
- False
Answer: True.
Explanation: In cluster sampling, each cluster should be representative of the population, with similar characteristics to ensure the accuracy of the results.
During the AWS Glue data catalog process, what sampling options are provided for classification?
- a) No sampling
- b) Full sampling
- c) Partial sampling
- d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above.
Explanation: AWS Glue data catalog allows for no sampling, full sampling, or partial sampling during its classification process.
Simple random sampling best ensures:
- a) Every member has an equal chance of selection
- b) The sample will be an exact representation of the population
- c) The sample size is controllable
- d) None of the above
Answer: a) Every member has an equal chance of selection.
Explanation: Simple random sampling is a type of probability sampling where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
True or False: In systematic sampling, the sample is chosen at regular intervals from the population list.
- True
- False
Answer: True.
Explanation: Systematic sampling involves picking every nth member from a list or sequential population to include in the sample.
Which of the following is not a type of probability sampling?
- a) Random sampling
- b) Stratified sampling
- c) Convenience sampling
- d) Cluster sampling
Answer: c) Convenience sampling.
Explanation: Convenience sampling is a type of non-probability sampling where the subjects are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity.
In data engineering on AWS, data sampling can be used for:
- a) Improving the efficiency of data processing
- b) Reducing the cost of data storage
- c) Understanding the characteristics of the larger dataset
- d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above.
Explanation: All the options mentioned are benefits of data sampling when dealing with large datasets.
True or False: Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where the collected sample represents the population.
- True
- False
Answer: True.
Explanation: Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where the assembled sample has the same proportions of individuals as the entire population with respect to known characteristics, traits or focused phenomenon.
Interview Questions
What is data sampling in the context of data engineering?
Data sampling is a method of selecting a subset of data from a larger dataset for the purpose of drawing conclusions and making predictions about the larger dataset.
When working with AWS services, what is a common strategy for data sampling?
Common strategies for data sampling in AWS include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and systematic sampling. These techniques can be implemented using AWS tools such as Amazon Redshift and AWS Glue.
What is Simple Random Sampling and how is it used in data engineering?
Simple random sampling is a method where each item or person in the population has an equal chance of being chosen. This technique is used in data engineering to create unbiased representations of the overall data.
How does stratified sampling differ from simple random sampling?
Stratified sampling divides the data into distinct subgroups or ‘strata’, then draws a sample from each group separately. This can be more accurate than simple random sampling when the data population is not uniformly distributed.
How is systematic sampling carried out in data engineering?
Systematic sampling involves selecting data at regular intervals from the larger dataset. For instance, if we have a dataset of 1,000,000 records, and we want a sample of 1,000, we might select every 1,000th record.
How does the AWS Glue Data Catalog contribute to data sampling?
AWS Glue Data Catalog helps in managing and organizing data across multiple AWS services and on-premises data stores. It maintains metadata of the data, which can aid in more efficient sampling strategies.
How can AWS Athena assist in data sampling?
Amazon Athena is a serverless, interactive query service that makes it easy to analyze big data in Amazon S3 using standard SQL. It allows for random data sampling queries to be run directly on the stored data.
What is cluster sampling and how is it used in AWS?
Cluster sampling is a method where the larger data population is divided into distinct clusters. A sample of clusters is then selected. Each element in the selected cluster is included in the sample. On AWS, this can be conducted using S3 or Redshift, where clusters can represent groups of S3 objects or rows in a Redshift table.
How can Amazon Redshift Spectrum assist in data sampling?
Amazon Redshift Spectrum allows Redshift users to run queries against vast amounts of data stored in S3 without having to load it to Redshift. It can be used for sampling large datasets by running SQL queries against them directly in S3.
Why is sampling important in data engineering?
Sampling is important in data engineering because analyzing entire datasets can be time-consuming and computationally intensive, especially with big data. Sampling allows for quicker, but still highly informative, analysis.
How does AWS Lake Formation assist in data sampling?
AWS Lake Formation can catalog data and make it discoverable. Through these catalogs, data engineers can identify what portion of the data is crucial for analysis and needs to be sampled.
How does AWS QuickSight play a role in data sampling?
AWS QuickSight is a fast, cloud-powered business analytics service that makes it easy to build visualizations and perform ad-hoc analysis. QuickSight can use a subset of data (sample), which makes it easier and quicker to experiment with different data visualizations.
What is voluntary sampling and how it can be done in AWS?
Voluntary sampling is where participants self-select to be a part of the sample. This could be done in AWS using tools like AWS Cognito for example, where users opt to provide certain data when signing up for a service.
How does sampling work with real-time streaming data in AWS?
With AWS’s Kinesis or Kafka, you could use techniques like systematic sampling where you consume every nth message in the stream.
What AWS service you would use to apply stratified sampling to a large dataset stored in an S3 bucket?
You can use Amazon Athena because it allows you to run SQL queries directly against data stored in S3. This way, you can stratify the data by certain columns or attributes.
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